本书研究英语录音口试评分员构建评分标准以及做出评分决策的过程。研究采用即时回溯、受激回忆等口头报告方法追踪了24名评分员在评估英语录音口试样本时的思维过程，并在评分结束后对评分员进行了访谈。研究揭示了评分员构建评分标准和评分决策的主体作用以及录音口试评分过程的复杂性、动态性和循环性，并提出了以评分员为主体的动态评分过程模型。

INTRODUCTION
0.1Motivations
0.1.1Queries about the Application of Test Criteria
0.1.2Implications from Preliminary Findings
0.2 Significance of the Study
0.2.1Theoretical Significance
0.2.2Practical Significance
0.2.3Methodological Significance
0.3 Overview of the Book
PART ILITERATURE REVIEW
Chapter IDefinitions and Theoretical Issues
1.1Definitions of Related Terms
1.2 Nature of the Process of Language Assessment
1.2.1Viewing the Process as Linear
1.2.2Viewing tile Process as CyclicINTRODUCTION
0.1Motivations
0.1.1Queries about the Application of Test Criteria
0.1.2Implications from Preliminary Findings
0.2 Significance of the Study
0.2.1Theoretical Significance
0.2.2Practical Significance
0.2.3Methodological Significance
0.3 Overview of the Book
PART ILITERATURE REVIEW
Chapter IDefinitions and Theoretical Issues
1.1Definitions of Related Terms
1.2 Nature of the Process of Language Assessment
1.2.1Viewing the Process as Linear
1.2.2Viewing tile Process as Cyclic
1.3 Role of the Rater in Language Assessment
1.3.1Viewing the Rater as an Instrument
1.3.2Viewing the Rater as a Constructor
1.4 Unsettled Issues
1.5 Summary
Chapter 2Empirical Studies
2.1Studies of the Process of Language Assessment
2.1.1The Process of Spoken Language Rating
2.1.2The Process of Written Language Rating
2.2Studies of the Role of Raters in Language Assessment
2.2.1Rater Training
2.2.2Rater Characteristics
2.3Introspective Methods
2.4 Unsolved Questions
2.5 Introducing the Present Study
2.6 Summary
PART IIMETHODOLOGY
Chapter 3Research Design
3.1TEM4-Oral
3.1.1Descriptions of TEM4-Oral
3.1.2Scoring Procedures of TEM4-Oral
3.2 Three Pilot Studies
3.2.1Pilot Study One
3.2.2 Pilot Study Two
3.2.3Pilot Study Three
3.2.4Summary of Pilot Studies
3.3 The Main Study
3.3.1Research Questions
3.3.2Subjects
3.3.3Instruments
3.3.4Data Collection
3.3.5Data Analysis
..
PART ⅢRESULTS AND DISCUSSION
PART ⅣCONCLUSION

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