This report is one of the GEI research series, which focuses on the global vision. Based on an in-depth analysis of the development of energy interconnection on each continent, this report proposes a systematic planning to build the GEI Backbone Grid. The research is divided into eight chapters. In Chapter 1, the overall situation of the global economy, society, resources, environment, energy and power development are introduced, and challenges for global sustainable development are analyzed. In Chapter 2, the development concepts of the GEI are analyzed. In Chapter 3, with the aim of achieving 2℃ temperature control target, the development trend of energy and power transition is envisioned, and a corresponding scenario is designed. In Chapter 4, the distribution of clean energy resources and layout of major power generation bases are studied. In Chapter 5, based on power balance analysis, the GEI backbone grid plan is proposed. In Chapter 6, the comprehensive benefits brought about by building GEI are assessed. In Chapter 7, the key technologies for the development of GEI are introduced. In Chapter 8, the clean energy and power development path with the global scenario to achieve the 1.5℃ temperature control target are proposed.

Preface
Summary
1 Challenges of Global Sustainable Development
1.1 Overall Status of Development
1.1.1 Economy and Society
1.1.2 Energy and Power
1.2 Development Challenges
1.2.1 Resource Shortage
1.2.2 Climate Change
1.2.3 Environmental Pollution
1.2.4 Uneven Development
2 Global Energy Interconnection
2.1 Concepts for Global Enerqy Interconnection Development
2.1.1 Fundamental Direction
2.1.2 Core Requirements
2.1.3 Basic Composition
2.2 Global Enerqy Interconnection as a Systematic Program for Sustainable Development
3 Energy and Power Development Trends
3.1 Enerqy Demand
3.1.1 Overall Development
3.1.2 Energy Demand Outlook
3.2 Power Demand
3.2.1 Overall Development
3.2.2 Power Demand Outlook
3.3 Power Supply
3.3.1 Overall Development
3.3.2 Power Supply Outlook
4 Development Layout of Clean Energy Resources
4.1 Distribution of Clean Energy Resources
4.1.1 Hydro Energy
4,1.2 Wind Energy
4.1.3 Solar Energy
4.2 Layout of Clean Enerqy Bases
4.2.1 Hydropower Bases
4.2.2 Wind Power Bases
4.2.3 Solar Power Bases
5 Global Energy Interconnection Backbone Grid
5.1 Power Flow
5.1.1 Asia
5.1.2 Europe
5.1.3 Africa
5.1.4 North America
5.1.5 Central and South America
5.1.6 Oceania
5.2 Overall Pattern
5.2.1 Backbone Grid Pattern
5.2.2 2035 Implementation Phase
5.2.3 2050 Implementation Phase
5.3 Inter-Continental Interconnection Channels
5.3.1 Asia-Europe Interconnection Channels
5.3.2 Asia-Europe-Africa Interconnection Channels
5.3.3 North America-Central and South America Interconnection Channels
5.3.4 Oceania-Asia Interconnection Channels
5.4 Intra-Continental Grid Interconnections
5.4.1 Asia
5.4.2 Europe
5.4.3 Africa
5.4.4 North America
5.4.5 Central and South America
5.4.6 Oceania
5.5 Key Interconnection Proiects
5.5.1 Asia-Europe Interconnection Projects
5.5.2 Asia-Europe-Africa Interconnection Projects
5.5.3 North America-Central and South America Interconnection Projects
5.5.4 Oceania-Asia Interconnect Project
5.6 Investment Estimation
6 Comprehensive Benefits
6.1 Economic Benefits
6.2 Social Benefits
6.3 Environmental Benefits
6.4 Political Benefits
7 Key Technologies for Global Energy Interconnection Development
7.1 Clean Enerqy Power Generation Technoloqy
7.1.1 Wind Power Generation Technology
7.1.2 Solar Power Generation Technology
7.2 Advanced Power Transmission and Grid Control Technology
7.2.1 UHV AC Power Transmission Technology
7.2.2 UHV DC Power Transmission Technology
7.2.3 VSC-UHV DC Power Transmission Technology
7.2.4 UHV DC Submarine Cable Technology
7.2.5 Large Power Grid Operation Control Technology
7.3 Larqe-scale Energy Storage Technoloqv
7.4 Electricity Replacement Technoloqy
7.4.1 Electrification Technology in Transport Sector
7.4.2 Electric Heating Technology
7.4.3 Power-to-Gas (P2G) Technology
8 Development Outlook of Achieving 1.5℃ Temperature Control Target
8.1 Situations and Requirements
8.2 Implementation Approaches
8.2.1 Clean Replacement
8.2.2 Electricity Replacement
8.2.3 Carbon Sequestration and Reduction
8.3 Scenarios and Schemes
8.3.1 Energy Demand
8.3.2 Power Demand
8.3.3 Power Supply
8.3.4 Power Grid Interconnection
8.3.5 Comparative Analysis
Epilogue
Appendix 1 Research Methods and Models
Appendix 2 Basic Data Tables
References